Due to a large number of atoms in protein, force field method which is built with relatively simple atomic pairwise functions is the main method for studying the macromoleculars like proteins. Current standard force fields include AMBER, CHARMM, OPLS, GROMOS and et at. According to force field methods, the complicated interaction is simplified to be the combinations of bond stretch, angle bending, dihedral terms, the Coulomb electrostatic and VDW interactions. Parameters for these potential energy terms are...
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