Weyl fermions: Massless yet real : Nature Materials : Nature ...
www.nature.com/nmat/journal/.../nmat4411.html?...
Nature
Loading...
Aug 20, 2015 - These massless spin-1/2 particles, so-called Weyl fermions, have ... And because of their massless character, Weyl fermions could lead to faster and lower-power consumer-electronic ... 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited.
[PDF]a study of methods from statistical mechanics applied ... - arXiv
arxiv.org/pdf/1410.3128
arXiv
Loading...
by E Oltean - 2014 - Cited by 5 - Related articles
limits of Economics, given that mechanical epistemology influenced to a large extent the .... spend or to save after taxes are paid and/or social benefits are received [10]. .... income, Finland exhibits the best fitting to the data using the fermionic.
I.4. Methodology
The paper analyses the distribution of net income, gross income, and median income of the population according to allocations specific for a market economy in equilibrium, under similar conditions for thermal equilibrium in thermodynamics. The analogy with thermodynamics used here is grandcanonical ensemble, where both number of indivi-duals/particles and the amount of energy/money are hold constant but the average for both variables is the same for a longer period of time. The other two cases are micro-canonical ensemble (fixed number of parti-cles/individuals) and canonical ensemble (fixed number of particles/indi-viduals and variable amount of energy but the average of energy is fixed) which do not comply with reality of a national economy [11]. Grand-canonical ensemble is the best approximation for a national economy as population varies slowly over long period of time, so it can be approximated as constant. Also, the average is considered to be constant for a certain amount of time.
Fermi-Dirac distribution is the best model that can be applied considering that is highly unlikely for a person or a household to have exactly the same income, especially in the case of net income. While for gross income this is more likely (two people working in a public institution – where wages are less flexible – working in a similar position with a similar background), for net income there other things that differentiate it among various people (such as taxation level, payment for different credits granted, different transfers from public budget). Since all the countries analysed have populations of millions of persons and each person has virtually a different income within an interval
The paper analyses the distribution of net income, gross income, and median income of the population according to allocations specific for a market economy in equilibrium, under similar conditions for thermal equilibrium in thermodynamics. The analogy with thermodynamics used here is grandcanonical ensemble, where both number of indivi-duals/particles and the amount of energy/money are hold constant but the average for both variables is the same for a longer period of time. The other two cases are micro-canonical ensemble (fixed number of parti-cles/individuals) and canonical ensemble (fixed number of particles/indi-viduals and variable amount of energy but the average of energy is fixed) which do not comply with reality of a national economy [11]. Grand-canonical ensemble is the best approximation for a national economy as population varies slowly over long period of time, so it can be approximated as constant. Also, the average is considered to be constant for a certain amount of time.
Fermi-Dirac distribution is the best model that can be applied considering that is highly unlikely for a person or a household to have exactly the same income, especially in the case of net income. While for gross income this is more likely (two people working in a public institution – where wages are less flexible – working in a similar position with a similar background), for net income there other things that differentiate it among various people (such as taxation level, payment for different credits granted, different transfers from public budget). Since all the countries analysed have populations of millions of persons and each person has virtually a different income within an interval
No comments:
Post a Comment