Tuesday, December 1, 2015

仿射空间 Affine space Minkowski space gauss NTU CAStudio There is a tangent space at every point, because at every point the fluid could be flowing in any direction,from the point of view of a differential equation there's a flow vector at every point. All the tangent spaces are exactly the same as all the others.

http://www.tau.ac.il/~tsirel/dump/Static/knowino.org/wiki/Affine_space.html

1、数学发展简史:初等数学; - 佛山科学技术学院

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本课程主要内容有:历史介绍、狭义相对论、仿射空间中的张量分析、黎曼几何、相对论性的引力理论、观测量的理论、球对称的引力场、粒子在球对称场中的运动、 ...

Talk:Minkowski space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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... only works in complex Minkowski space. Affine space was essential to Minkowski's 2nd presentation (the 'Space and Time' one usual nowadays) because he ...


What happens when light hits light? | Page 2 - Physics Forums

www.physicsforums.com › Physics › General Physics
Dec 31, 2012 - ... from the book of feynman lectures itself.I don't know what you mean by linear space here.Some vector space,minkowski space,affine space?

The 2-dimensional plane, well-known from elementary Euclidean geometry, is an example of an affine space. Remember that in elementary geometry none of the points in the plane is special—there is no origin. A real n-dimensional affine space is distinguished from the vector space \mathbb{R}^n by having no special point, no fixed origin.[1]
From elementary geometry we know that any two points in a plane (a collection of infinitely many points) can be connected by a line segment. If the points P and Q in a plane are ordered with P before Q, the line segment connecting the two becomes an arrow pointing from P to Q. This arrow can be mapped onto a vector, the difference vector, denoted by \overrightarrow{PQ}.[2] If all arrows in a plane can be mapped onto vectors of a 2-dimensional vector space V2, called the difference space, the plane is an affine space of dimension 2, denoted by A2. Arrows that are mapped onto the same vector in the difference space are said to be parallel, they differ from each other by translation.
In elementary analytic geometry, the map of arrows onto vectors is almost always defined by the choice of an origin O, which is a point somewhere in the plane. Clearly, an arbitrary point P is the head of an arrow with tail in the origin and corresponding with the unique difference vector \overrightarrow{OP}. All arrows with tail in O are mapped one-to-one onto a 2-dimensional difference space V2, with the vector addition in V2 in one-to-one correspondence with the parallelogram rule for the addition of arrows in the plane.
Usually one equips the difference space with an inner product, turning it into an inner product space. Its elements have well-defined length, namely, the square root of the inner product of the vector with itself. The distance between any two points P and Q may now be defined as the length of \overrightarrow{PQ} in V2. A two-dimensional affine space, with this distance defined between the points, is the Euclidean plane known from high-school geometry.
Upon formalizing and generalizing the definition of an affine space, we replace the dimension 2 by an arbitrary finite dimension n and replace arrows by ordered pairs of points ("head" and "tail") in a given point space A. Briefly, A is an affine space of dimension n if there exists a map of the Cartesian product, A × A onto a vector space of dimension n. This map must satisfy certain axioms that are treated in the next section. If the dimension needs to be exhibited, we may write An for the affine space of dimension n.

[相對論]十九、向量與張量的協變微分、向量平移、聯絡

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