可逆热机，是理想化的东西，不存在。它工作时无能量耗散。所用热能都对外做了功。所谓可逆，是此热机一旦反悔，可将所做的功收回，并将做此功所用的热量完全还给热源，分文不少。实际热机都做不到这一点，都不可逆，其工作过程都有不同的能量耗散。

可逆热机，是理想化的东西，不存在。它工作时无能量耗散。所用热能都对外做了功。所谓可逆，是此热机一旦反悔，可将所做的功收回，并将做此功所用的热量完全还给热源，分文不少。实际热机都做不到这一点，都不可逆，其工作过程都有不同的能量耗散。

Condensed Matter > Soft Condensed Matter

Title:The Physics and Mathematics of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

Authors: Elliott H. Lieb, Jakob Yngvason

(Submitted on 26 Aug 1997 (v1), last revised 28 Jan 1999 (this version, v2))

Abstract: The essential postulates of classical thermodynamics are formulated, from which the second law is deduced as the principle of increase of entropy in irreversible adiabatic processes that take one equilibrium state to another. The entropy constructed here is defined only for equilibrium states and no attempt is made to define it otherwise. Statistical mechanics does not enter these considerations. One of the main concepts that makes everything work is the comparison principle (which, in essence, states that given any two states of the same chemical composition at least one is adiabatically accessible from the other) and we show that it can be derived from some assumptions about the pressure and thermal equilibrium. Temperature is derived from entropy, but at the start not even the concept of `hotness' is assumed. Our formulation offers a certain clarity and rigor that goes beyond most textbook discussions of the second law.

Comments:	93 pages, TeX, 8 eps figures. Updated, published version. A summary appears in Notices of the Amer. Math. Soc. 45 (1998) 571-581, math-ph/9805005
Subjects:	Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft); Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
Journal reference:	Phys.Rept. 310 (1999) 1-96
DOI:	10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00082-9
Report number:	EHLJY 05/Jan/99
Cite as:	arXiv:cond-mat/9708200 [cond-mat.soft]
	(or arXiv:cond-mat/9708200v2 [cond-mat.soft] for this version)

Submission history

From: Elliott Lieb [view email]
[v1] Tue, 26 Aug 1997 12:43:11 GMT (107kb)
[v2] Thu, 28 Jan 1999 23:27:13 GMT (116kb)

Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax (What is MathJax?)

Link back to: arXiv, form interface, contact.