[PDF]Walter Kohn - Nobel Lecture - Nobelprize.org
[PDF]Walter Kohn - Nobel Lecture - Nobelprize.org
www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/.../kohn-lecture.pdf
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the most rudimentary form of DFT, was put forward shortly afterwardsH' 5] and received only modest ..... Let us take q bits per varia- ble. Then the total number of ...
Nobel Lecture_Electronic structure of matter-wave functions ...
wenku.baidu.com/view/e165ffef5ef7ba0d4a733bf3.html
[PDF]Density functional theory (DFT)
https://notendur.hi.is/hj/.../KohnNobelLecture99.pdf
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由 W Kohn 著作 - 1999 - 被引用 1499 次 - 相關文章
Functional Theory (DFT) was reported in two publica- tions: the ... *The 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by W. Kohn and John A. ..... Let us take q bits.
Where does the wave function of the universe live? Please describe its home.
I think this is the Hilbert space of the universe. (Greater or lesser, depending on which church you belong to.) Or maybe it is the Fock space of the universe, or some still bigger, yet more complicated stringy thingy. I will leave it to you whether you want to describe the observable universe, the total universe, or even the multiverse. Please give a reasonably accurate and succinct mathematical description, including at least dimensionality. Thank you. | ||
The wave function lives in the quantum café, see the segment from 3:40 or so to the end of
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unJ2ajHH-94More seriously, a wave function is a more special name of the "state vector" which is the element of the Hilbert space Finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces are only used as simplified toy models for some aspects of some physical systems. But they're still very important in theory and practice because realistic situations are often composed of similar small Hilbert spaces by taking tensor products. The two-dimensional Hilbert spaces (e.g. spin-up vs spin-down) seem very simple but they're already very rich and are used as tools to teach quantum mechanics. Quantum computing usually takes place in Hilbert spaces for The Fock space is a special kind of Hilbert space. It is the Hilbert space of a free field theory or, equivalently, an infinite-dimensional harmonic oscillator. One usually defines the free - bilinear - Hamiltonian on the Fock space, too. If we don't say that there's a Hamiltonian, the identity of the Fock space is actually meaningless because all infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces are isomorphic or "unitary equivalent" to each other. So the Fock space isn't really "something completely different" (or larger) than the Hilbert space; it's a special case of it. The same thing holds for the Hilbert spaces associated with any theory you can think of (describing the world around us or describing a fictitious or hypothetical world), whether it's the Standard Model, the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, or – the most comprehensive theory – String Theory. All these theories, much like any other theories respecting the postulates of quantum mechanics, have their own Hilbert space and all these infinite-dimensional spaces in string theory or a simple infinite-dimensional harmonic oscillator or even a simple Hydrogen atom are actually isomorphic to each other. The theories only differ by different Hamiltonians – or other dynamical laws that describe the evolution in time. Also, one should mention that the actual state of the physical system isn't given by all the information included in an element of the Hilbert space. The phase and the absolute normalization – i.e. the full multiplicative factor that may be complex – is unphysical. So the space of inequivalent "pure states" is actually the quotient Aside from "wave functions" i.e. pure states that are elements of the Hilbert space, up to a normalization, one may also describe a physical system by a more general "density matrix" which lives in the space of Hermitian matrices | |||||||||||||||||||||
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The word "space" in mathematics is not the same ontological object as physical space. It is sort of equivalent to asking, in classical physics, where is the space of all velocity vectors located? Its not that they are actually somewhere "out there", they are just mathematical abstractions from which useful information can be extracted and inferences can be made unto measurable quantities which are analogous to the abstraction. A vector space (Hilbert, Fock, and many other variations of vector spaces exist!) is a mathematical object which makes convenient many computations one can do with sets of numbers(vectors, matrices, tensors, etc...) endowed with human-invented algebraic properties (closure, commutativity, associativity, etc...). Quantum mechanics makes use of linear algebra almost solely for the fact that one can extract 'spectrum' of eigenvalues which are analogous to the measurable discrete quantities one finds when dealing with such objects.
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grand design.. – Vineet Menon Apr 10 '12 at 15:27