Tuesday, March 5, 2013

TMS 由於大腦中的神經是藉由電流來傳遞訊息,穿顱磁刺激就藉助這個特性,利用電流流經TMS的銅線圈,會先轉變成磁能,這個強大且快速變化的磁場穿透過皮膚及頭骨,直接對腦中特定區域發出強力但短暫的磁性脈衝,在人腦的神經線路上引發微量的電流。雖然電磁場的強度可高達1.5特士拉(tesla,為磁通量密度單位)磁場強度的磁脈衝,是地球磁場的三萬倍,但每個脈衝只持續不到幾毫秒,沒有攜帶多少能量。加上磁場強度會隨著距離增加而快速下降,因此只能穿越2-3公分的大腦外層皮質。當準確定位的磁場抵達時,會引發附近神經元產生小幅的電流,興奮了腦中的特定目標區域。

由於大腦中的神經是由電流來傳遞訊息,穿顱磁刺激就藉助這個特性,利用電流流經TMS銅線圈,會先轉變成磁能,這個大且快速變化的磁場穿透過皮及頭骨,直接對腦中特定區域發出強力但短暫的磁性脈衝,在人腦的神經線路上引發量的電流。雖然電磁場的強度高達1.5士拉tesla,為磁密度單位)磁場強度的磁脈衝,是地球磁場的三萬倍每個脈衝只持續不到幾毫秒攜帶多少能量。加上磁場強度隨著距離增加而快速,因此能穿2-3公分的大腦外皮質。準確定位的磁場抵達時,會引發附近神經產生小幅的電流,興奮了腦中的特定目標區域。

TMS Laboratory
Institution
Location

PI

Interests

Institute of cognitive neuroscience
http://www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/groups/VW/


ICN, UCL, UK

Dr. Vincent Walsh

Arithmetic
Learning
Speech production
Vision, Modularity
Vision, Motion

Laboratory for Magnetic Brain stimulation
http://www.researchmatters.harvard.edu/people.php?people_id=208


Beth Israel Deaconess Medial center, Harvard Medical school, Boston, MA, USA

Dr. A. Pascual-Leone

Vision
language
Attention
depression

MRC Human Movement and Balance UnitInstitute of Neurology
http://www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/members/Rothw74/


ICN, UCL, UK

Dr. John Rothwell

Motor control

Human cortical physiology unit
http://www.musc.edu/tmsmirror/news/tmspod.html


NIH, Maryland, USA

Mark Hallett & Leonardo G. Cohen

Brain plasticity, motor, vision

Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurology
http://www.musc.edu/tmsmirror/fMRI/TMS-fMRI.html


Medical University South Carolina, USA

Dr. Mark George

Depression, mapping, imaging

Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory
http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~caram/


Harvard University

Dr. Alfonso Caramazza

Language

Psychiatric Neuroimaging Group
Pni.unibe.ch/TMS.htm


University of Bern, Switzerland

Thomas E. Schlaepfer, M.D.

Psychiatry

Department of Radiology
http://www.musc.edu/neuroscienceinstitute/


Medical University South Carolina, USA

Daryl Bohning

TMS +fMRI


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